Criticle Article Review Violent Video Games Essay

Critical Article Review Psychology 475 Liberty University Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the article The Effect of Video Game Violence on Physiological Desensitization to Real-life Violence by Nicholas L. Carnagey, Craig A. Anderson, and Brad J. Bushman (2007). In this article Carnagey, Ander and Bushman experimentally examine the effects that violent video games have on those playing them, specifically in the area of physiological desensitization. It is the goal of this review to provide readers with an overall summary and critique of the article. This review will describe, discuss, and evaluate the key points of Carnagey, Anderson, and Bushman’s article and†¦show more content†¦The authors then share their analysis on the changes of heart rate and GSR at the many different points throughout their study. In the discussion portion of the article the authors discuss the lowered reaction to the violent images in the video following the 20 minutes of violent video game stimulation. They also discuss th e fact that results were quite dramatic across the different individuals and attitudes toward violence. They also give insight into their results and the implication of the GAM concerning the prevalence of lowered arousal levels to violence acts following the violent stimuli via video games. Using the GAM they discuss implications such as people’s lowered likeliness to respond a victim in a violent situation if they are not in an aroused state in the midst of the violent act. Lastly the article addresses the need for future research concerning the topic of desensitization to violence and the areas in which they feel it would be most beneficial. For instance a need to study the effects of more long term exposure to violent video games in regard to desensitization as most young game players do so on a regular basis. In their conclusion Carnagey, Ander and Bushman (2007) go as far as to refer to the media as an â€Å"effective desensitization tool.† Critique Carnagey, Ander and Bushman (2007) seem to be well versed on the previous research done on the negative effects of violent media on those exposed to it. They seem

The Metamorphosis, By Bartleby, The Scrivener, And...

The Importance of Identity Identity plays an important role in a person’s life. It determines how a person lives, acts, communicates, and defines themselves in the world around them. During this semester, we have read a handful of short stories that have to do with an individual’s identity. Three of those stories include, â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† by Franz Kafka; â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener,† by Herman Melville; and â€Å"Orientation,† by Daniel Orozco. Each of these short stories gives examples of how your work can influence a person’s identity and attempt to remove the personal factor from everyday life. Identity is established in a number of ways throughout each of these stories. In the first story, â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† the main character, Gregor, has a moment where his identity changes in a literal sense. Gregor is a hard working son who provides for his family as a traveling salesman, but suddenly he wakes up one morning to find himself turned into a slimy, and horrifying insect. As his life is dramatically altered, Gregor can only think of one thing; work. Even as Gregor is trying to force his shell like figure out of his bed he says, â€Å"’Before it reaches a quarter past seven, I must absolutely be out of bed without fail. Besides, by then someone from the office will be sent here to ask about me, since it opens at seven’† (Kafka). Even though he has transformed into a hideous monster, he is only concerned about the trouble he will be in at work, rather than his unique situation.

Pros and Cons of Using Cloud Computing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing to a Business. Answer: Introduction In the modern world, the internet is revolutionizing the way people interact and conduct business activities. Traditionally, both the software and hardware are exclusively accommodated by the users computer. In other words, the data and programs saved by the user can be fully accessed by the users computer (Masiyev, Qasymov, Bakhishova and Bahri, 2012, pp 4). Cloud computing enables a person to access programs and data outside their personal computing environment. Therefore, users can store their data in the cloud rather than store it on their computers. Some of the data types stored in the cloud could include databases, file services, emails, and applications. Basically, a person can connect to the cloud through internet after renting capacity from a service provider. Therefore, users do not need to purchase their personal IT requirements. The choice of a cloud model on the basis of business needs and data requirements is important. Project objective This project seeks to explain the meaning of cloud computing and also explain its advantages and disadvantages in a business setting. Cloud computing increases business efficiency and hence services can be rapidly deployed to the business. In a few minutes, services can be readily availed to a business. Traditionally, it took weeks or even months to avail the services. Despite business owners enjoying the numerous advantages of cloud computing, some drawbacks may be realized in the process. This paper will seek to expound on these benefits and also discuss the drawbacks that arise from the use cloud computing. Project scope This paper will form a great reference point for business owners who intend to adopt cloud computing for their businesses. It is evident that business owners need to understand the different models and adopt the most appropriate for their businesses. A proper choice may lead to the success of a business. On the other hand, the wrong choice may be detrimental to a business. However, the right choice may also experience some drawbacks. For instance, server applications may not have some features that are crucial to a business. Therefore, this project will serve to enlighten the business owners on the pros and cons accrued to the use of cloud computing. A business should not fully rely on cloud computing since even the most dependable cloud services providers experience blackouts. Literature review Cloud computing models It is important to identify the type of model that suits a given business before moving data to the cloud. There are basically four cloud computing models namely hybrid, community, private, public, and clouds. To start with, the private cloud is managed and maintained by an individual or a third party (Dinh, Lee, Niyato and Wang, 2013, pp 1590). A person or the third party is in charge of the infrastructure and services of the cloud. This option applies where a business deals with sensitive data which requires a high level of confidentiality. A community cloud is shared by a number of organizations, but the shared cloud is private. All these organizations have similar security requirements and considerations. The services of a public cloud are reserved off-site and can be accessed via the internet. The stored services are managed by organizations externally. Such organizations may include Microsoft and Google (Qi and Gani, 2012, pp 200). A public cloud saves on cost and enhances the level of flexibility. However, its vulnerability is high compared to a private cloud (Gupta, Seetharaman and Raj, 2013, pp 865). The final model is a hybrid cloud. It offers the services of both the private and public cloud. This being said, business owners should be able to study the benefits of each model and finally adopt the most beneficial model. Advantages of cloud computing While businesses may have distinct motivations, business owners seek cloud services regardless of their geographical location, industry, and business size. There are any benefits that are associated to use of cloud computing in businesses. To start with, cloud computing enhances the efficiency of service delivery within businesses (Kliazovich, Bouvry and Khan, 2012, pp 1263). Traditionally, it would take weeks or even months to deliver the same services. It should be noted, however, that cloud computing entails more than just accessing services and resources within minutes(Berman, Kesterson-Townes, Marshall and Srivathsa, 2012, pp 30). Cloud computing improves the agility of a business. The time taken to complete projects shortens resulting in quicker delivery of services. A quick delivery of high quality and cheap results would ensure a business gains a competitive advantage. Also, cloud computing facilitates the creation of new business models. The innovativeness of a business can be increased by the availability of cloud services. Proper utilization of the cloud resources ensures that the innovativeness of a business is enhanced and new streams of revenue are created (Avram, 2014, pp 530). In some cases, businesses are creating value propositions and new business models by entirely making use of cloud services. This is mostly the case with medium and small business enterprises. Use of cloud computing also reduces the operational costs of business entities. The defects and issues within a business can be reduced by maximum and proper utilization of the standardized cloud services (Fernando, Loke and Rahayu, 2013, pp 101). Moreover, the continuity of a business is increased and more time is spent on other issues rather than operational matters. Cloud computing enables business owners to use the same services repetitively and achieve the same results. Therefore, business organizations can predict and deploy applications, server images or applications by use of design patterns. Businesses realize the better use of available resources. Minimal operational issues and effectiveness of projects ensure that more time is spent on other meaningful activities that will eventually lead to a high business potential (Garrison, Kim and Wakefield, 2012, pp 65). Generally, cloud service providers offer a more efficient service option that is more meaningful and beneficial co mpared to the traditional approach. Disadvantages of cloud computing Despite the numerous benefits accrued to the use of cloud computing, some drawbacks may arise in the process. Notably, cloud computing does not solve all the problems that a business entity may be facing (Arora, Parashar and Transforming, 2013, pp 1925). Small businesses, for instance, may have distinct comfort levels and needs. Therefore, it would be more beneficial to adopt cloud computing only for specified services or applications. It is important to note that certain applications such as video editing applications are performance-intensive and may not suit the cloud (Beloglazov, Abawajy and Buyya, 2012, pp 760). The use of cloud computing is also associated with possible down time moments. Basically, cloud computing for small businesses depends solely on the internet connection. In a scenario where there is no internet connection, the business goes offline (Apostu, Puican, Ularu, G.E.A.N.I.N.A., Suciu and Todoran, 2013, pp 120). Also, slow internet speeds and frequent outages ma y render cloud computing useless for a business. It is important to note that even the best cloud service providers experience outages from time to time (Aljabre, 2012, pp 5). This being the case, the business owners should determine the level of their business dependability on cloud computing services. The application of cloud computing also results in some security issues (Chen and Zhao, 2012, pp 650). The question of data security arises given the fact that cloud computing could also mean internet computing (Zissis and Lekkas, 2012, pp 585). Therefore, it would be inappropriate for a business to use the cloud to store data that they would not like available on the internet. In the meantime, some cloud computing service providers may not be credible enough to offer data security. Cloud computing services may seem better, cheaper, and efficient compared to other solutions. However, it is important to have a good and well-informed comparison (Xu, 2012, pp 80). It is a fact that cloud applications are associated with less support infrastructure and capital investment. The cloud applications, however, may not have some important software features which are crucial to a business (Jadeja and Modi, 2012, pp 878). It is also important to note that there are some charges associated with the transfer of data. This may be the case where a business intends to transfer large data sizes. Conclusion In reference to this paper, cloud computing has some advantages and disadvantages. The modern businesses are quickly adopting the use cloud computing because it is cheap and efficient. Most businesses that use cloud computing are characterized by quick and cheap service delivery which enables them to establish and maintain a competitive edge. However, cloud computing has some disadvantages. Currently, data security is one of the major concerns. It is evident that storing data online may prompt hackers to penetrate the servers and access confidential data. Some cloud computing service providers may also not be trustworthy. As seen in this paper, business owners need to study the various cloud models and choose the one which would best suit their businesses. Bibliography Zissis, D. and Lekkas, D., 2012. Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), pp.583-592. Beloglazov, A., Abawajy, J. and Buyya, R., 2012. Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for cloud computing.Future generation computer systems,28(5), pp.755-768. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Xu, X., 2012. From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing.Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing,28(1), pp.75-86. Jadeja, Y. and Modi, K., 2012, March. Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. InComputing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 877-880). IEEE. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future generation computer systems,29(1), pp.84-106. Chen, D. and Zhao, H., 2012, March. Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Kliazovich, D., Bouvry, P. and Khan, S.U., 2012. GreenCloud: a packet-level simulator of energy-aware cloud computing data centers.The Journal of Supercomputing,62(3), pp.1263-1283. Arora, R., Parashar, A. and Transforming, C.C.I., 2013. Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms.International journal of engineering research and applications,3(4), pp.1922-1926. Masiyev, K.H., Qasymov, I., Bakhishova, V. and Bahri, M., 2012, October. Cloud computing for business. InApplication of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT), 2012 6th International Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Undavia, J.N. and Shah, N.P., Cloud Computing For Business. Xu, X., 2012. From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing.Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing,28(1), pp.75-86. Lin, A. and Chen, N.C., 2012. Cloud computing as an innovation: Percepetion, attitude, and adoption.International Journal of Information Management,32(6), pp.533-540. Aljabre, A., 2012. Cloud computing for increased business value.International Journal of Business and social science,3(1). Berman, S.J., Kesterson-Townes, L., Marshall, A. and Srivathsa, R., 2012. How cloud computing enables process and business model innovation.Strategy Leadership,40(4), pp.27-35. Apostu, A., Puican, F., Ularu, G.E.A.N.I.N.A., Suciu, G. and Todoran, G., 2013. Study on advantages and disadvantages of Cloud Computingthe advantages of Telemetry Applications in the Cloud.Recent Advances in Applied Computer Science and Digital Services. New York: Wseas,200, pp.118-123. Qi, H. and Gani, A., 2012, May. Research on mobile cloud computing: Review, trend and perspectives. InDigital Information and Communication Technology and it's Applications (DICTAP), 2012 Second International Conference on(pp. 195-202). ieee. Avram, M.G., 2014. Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia Technology,12, pp.529-534. Gupta, P., Seetharaman, A. and Raj, J.R., 2013. The usage and adoption of cloud computing by small and medium businesses.International Journal of Information Management,33(5), pp.861-874. Garrison, G., Kim, S. and Wakefield, R.L., 2012. Success factors for deploying cloud computing.Communications of the ACM,55(9), pp.62-68.

Katz Managerial Skill free essay sample

Introduction As the world enters more modern civilization, organizations also morph into more complex and competitive context. Thus, such situation will become more challenging for today’s managers in maintaining the viability of current organizations. Regarding to those issues, it is important to comprehend in depth on manager’s work. This essay commences a brief description of the manager interviewed. It will then evaluate the relevance of the Katz’s theory to the interviewed manager’s work. However, it will be more focused on the conceptual skill. Then, this essay will analyze on the relationship of several theories amongst Katz’ managerial work, Fayol’s management function and Mintzberg’s management roles. Finally, it will also examine the relation on Taylor’s four principles to the manager’s work. This essay concludes that every theory has its own limitation, thus, it disable to perfectly describe manager’s job. Description of the Interviewed Manager The interviewed manager that will be further discussed in this essay is a first-line manager. She is a supervisor in a branch of a non-local multinational in United States of America. The organization is a medium-sized restaurant which is in service sector. It has been running for about one and a half years. The interviewed manager has been working in the restaurant since it was opened. Her major duty is supervising the work of her members to achieve the optimum performance. Besides, monitoring the members work becomes her daily responsibility. Evaluation of Katz’s Managerial Skills Based on the interview conducted, it is significant that the manager’s work reflects particular managerial skills. In this context, the managerial skills will be evaluated based on Kat’s theory. Kat’s managerial skills are classified into three types: â€Å"conceptual, technical and human (interpersonal)† (Robbins et al. 2006, p. 14). Those skills are interrelated in implication of managerial activities. For further understanding, it is essential to identity the conceptual skill of the interviewed manager whether it is relevant to the Katz model or not. Robbins et al. (2006) define conceptual skill as â€Å"an ability to conceptualize and to think about abstract and complex situations†. According to Kat’s, this skill is mostly practiced by upper-level managers. It is necessary for top managers to possess because oftentimes they encounter obscure situations; thus, conceptual skill is required in order to overcome the problems. Furthermore, they have to be able to foresee all contingencies that might happen in the future. Robbins et al. (2006) point out that top manager should be able to interact with heterogeneous conditions in a broader scope of environment. According to the former, conceptual skill is less likely to be practiced by lower-level managers. Nevertheless, in a modern organization especially since global era, ideas can derive not only from executive managers, but also from low-level managers. Likewise, Chapman (2001) suggests that rigid hierarchy structure is no longer exists in new features organization as divisions or departments are connected horizontally to allow the fluid flow of information. In fact, it is reflected on the interviewed manager. Ms. X admitted that although new plans are generally instructed by her top manager, however, she also participated in contributing ideas in meeting. Moreover, she explained that she should be able to coordinate certain parts of business to achieve effectiveness that actually require conceptual skill. For instance, she needs to control the promptness of the work of internal personnel in process of cooking, monitor the waiters in serving food for customers and also ensure the satisfactory of customers for their services. Thus, it can be seen that basic conceptual skill is necessary for first-line managers to have which means Kat’s theory is not strongly reflected to the works of the interviewed manager. Apparently, the irrelevance is first because of in this particular business, conceptual skill is required for first-line manager in the activities. Second, a more flexible condition in modern era has forced managers’ activities to encompass conceptual skill in order to be more agile in engaging the changing conditions. Apart from conceptual skill, technical skill, according to Katz, is a very essential managerial skill especially for first-line and middle managers (Robbins et al. , 2006). However, proficiency of a specific knowledge is not required in the job of Ms. X. Peterson and Fleet (2004) mentions that a manager must have technical skill in order to â€Å"train, direct and evaluate subordinates performing specialized task†. Conversely, it is noteworthy that Ms. X is reasonable experienced to train and direct her members although she had never attended any educational process for her specific job. Thus, it can be concluded Katz theory may not be well reflected for certain jobs. The third is human skill (interpersonal skill) which is compulsory for all levels managers. Regardless on the levels, it is vital for managers to have interpersonal skill, as they need to have regular contacts to subordinates to achieve goals (Gillen and Carroll, 1987). Ms. X also agrees as her work in service sector, abilities to interact with diverse people is essential because she had to be able to cooperate with her members. Furthermore, she also had to get deal with many customers every day. Hence, interpersonal skill is considered as the most supreme skill for her job. Those reasons have advocated the Katz argument that managers at all levels need to have interpersonal skill as to work with and through other people effectively and efficiently. Analysis on Relationship on Theories of Katz, Fayol and Mintzberg Basically, the managers’ work can be clarified by using theories of Katz’s managerial skill, Fayol’s managerial function and Mintzberg’s manager roles. In fact, those theories are related and enable to explain the work of managers in a lucid picture. Katz’s human skill is reflected in Mintzberg’s interpersonal role that requires a manager to be able to interact with people.